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Table: Armor Class Modifiers
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Defender is . . .
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Melee
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Ranged
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Behind cover
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+4
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+4
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Blinded
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–21
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–21
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Concealed or invisible
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— See Concealment —
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Cowering
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–21
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–21
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Entangled
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+02
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+02
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Flat-footed (such as surprised, balancing, climbing)
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+01
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+01
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Grappling (but attacker is not)
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+01
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+01, 3
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Helpless (such as paralyzed, sleeping, or bound)
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–44
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+04
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Kneeling or sitting
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–2
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+2
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Pinned
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–44
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+04
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Prone
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–4
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+4
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Squeezing through a space
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–4
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–4
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Stunned
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–21
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–21
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1 The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
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2 An entangled character takes a –4 penalty to Dexterity.
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3 Roll randomly to see which grappling combatant you strike. That defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
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4 Treat the defender’s Dexterity as 0 (–5 modifier). Rogues can sneak attack helpless or pinned defenders.
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